Kugaya ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yopangira makina, njira yochotsera zinthu, yomwe imatha kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana pagawo podula zinthu zosafunikira.Mphero imafuna makina ophera,workpiece, fixture, ndi wodula.Chogwirira ntchito ndi chidutswa cha zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kale zomwe zimatetezedwa kuzitsulo, zomwe zimamangiriridwa pa nsanja mkati mwa makina opangira mphero.Wodula ndi chida chodulira chokhala ndi mano akuthwa omwe amatetezedwanso mu makina ophera ndipo amazungulira mothamanga kwambiri.Mwa kudyetsa chogwirira ntchito mu chodulira chozungulira, zinthu zimadulidwa kuchoka ku workpiece iyi ngati tchipisi tating'ono kuti tipange mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.

Kugaya nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawo omwe sali axially symmetric ndipo amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri, monga mabowo, mipata, matumba, ngakhale mizere yozungulira katatu.Zigawo zomwe zimapangidwira pogaya nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, mwina zofananira, monga zomangira kapena mabaketi opangidwa mwachizolowezi.Ntchito inanso ya mphero ndi kupanga zida za njira zina.Mwachitsanzo, nkhungu zamitundu itatu nthawi zambiri zimagayidwa.Kugaya kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati njira yachiwiri kuwonjezera kapena kuyeretsa mbali zomwe zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ina.Chifukwa cha kulolerana kwapamwamba komanso kumalizidwa kwapamwamba komwe mphero ingapereke, ndi yabwino kuwonjezera zinthu zolondola pagawo lomwe mawonekedwe ake adapangidwa kale.

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